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matherp
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Joined: 11/12/2012
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Posts: 11516

Posted: 11:49am 20 Jun 2026

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if instr(mm.device$,"HDMI") or instr(mm.device$,"VGA") then MODE 2
Font 7
FRAMEBUFFER create
FRAMEBUFFER write f

Dim Float t,pf(15) ' pf: 0=i 1=b 2=v 3=x 4=pi/2 5=xs 6=ys 7=xc 8=yc
Dim Integer c(65),d(65),n(65),m(32,65),nn
Dim Integer a,g,i,j,xc,yc,xs,ys
Dim Integer ct = MM.INFO(CALLTABLE)
Const r=(2*Pi)/235,k=255,s=50
CLS RGB(black)
t=Rnd*10
nn=Peek(varaddr n())

'centre and scale factor
xc=MM.HRES\2:yc=MM.VRES\2
xs=MM.HRES/4.2:ys=MM.VRES/4.0 'Oval
pf(2)=0:pf(3)=0:pf(4)=Pi/2 ' v=0, x=0, half-pi
pf(5)=xs:pf(6)=ys:pf(7)=xc:pf(8)=yc

For a=0 To 65
For g=0 To 65
If a<18 And g<18 Then
n(g)=RGB(0,255,0)
Else
n(g)=RGB(a*3.93,g*3.93,128*(a+g<65))
EndIf
Next 'g
Memory pack nn,Peek(varaddr m(0,a)),66,32
Next 'a

Do
CLS
Inc t,0.035:g=0:Print Timer:Timer=0
For i=60 To 255 Step 3
pf(0)=i:pf(1)=r*i+t
bubblerow c(),d(),pf(),ct ' recurrence + scale + offset -> c(),d()
Memory unpack Peek(varaddr m(0,g)),nn,66,32
Pixel c(),d(),n()
Inc g
Next 'i
FRAMEBUFFER copy f,n
Loop

CSUB bubblerow INTEGER, INTEGER, FLOAT, INTEGER
00000000
B5F0681B 001A0014 68123290 9201B09D 32A4001A 33886815 68123A04 9206681B
68229307 920C6863 68A2930D 920E68E3 6922930F 92026963 69A29303 920469E3
6A229305 92086A63 6AA29309 92106AE3 6B229311 92126B63 6BA29313 92146BE3
6C229315 92166C63 23009317 911B901A 9A029300 980C9B03 47A8990D 00069B01
4798000F 9B099A08 91039002 00390030 9B0147A8 9B014798 91199018 99059804
9A084798 900A9B09 9804910B 47A89905 47989B01 9B0B9A0A 000F0006 99039802
003247A8 900A003B 9818910B 47A89919 9B0F9A0E 91039002 990B980A 9A1047A8
90049B11 980A9105 9E06990B 9A1447B0 47A89B15 47989B07 9B1A9A00 189B9E06
60596018 9B139A12 99039802 9A1647B0 47A89B17 47989B07 9B1B9A00 6018189B
00136059 33082284 00929300 D1A04293 9A022000 21009B03 61636122 9B059A04
61E361A2 BDF0B01D
END CSUB

This was an experiment in asking Claude to optimise the bubble universe program. It's first attempt in Basic was to create a sine/cos lookup table which slowed the program down. It then suggested a CSUB so I coached it through how to write one, how to make it RP2040/RP2350 agnostic and how to deal with floating point numbers. I did this by getting it to slowly go through a number of simple examples, squaring an integer, then squaring a float. We then moved on to optimising the bubble universe. On a HDMI build at 378MHz the frame rate increases from 5.1 to 42.4FPS.
The next step is to improve the whole csub architecture to make writing them a bit easier. There will be a python script to generate a csub direct from the c source.

twofingers

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Joined: 02/06/2014
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Posts: 1761

Posted: 12:10pm 20 Jun 2026

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[29] Memory pack nn,Peek(varaddr m(0,a)),66,32
Error : Address not divisible by 8

causality ≠ correlation ≠ coincidence

matherp
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Location: United Kingdom
Posts: 11516

Posted: 12:20pm 20 Jun 2026

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Works for me, hdmi and tft - you don't say what firmware and version you are running on

twofingers

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Posted: 12:22pm 20 Jun 2026

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..."you don't say what firmware and version you are running on"

PicoMiteHDMI MMBasic USB RP2350A Edition V6.03.00RC12

causality ≠ correlation ≠ coincidence

PhenixRising
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Joined: 07/11/2023
Location: United Kingdom
Posts: 1960

Posted: 12:29pm 20 Jun 2026

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matherp said
the frame rate increases from 5.1 to 42.4FPS.
The next step is to improve the whole csub architecture to make writing them a bit easier. There will be a python script to generate a csub direct from the c source.

Love seeing such a performance boost....only problem is...no one around me gets excited

dddns
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Joined: 20/09/2024
Location: Germany
Posts: 843

Posted: 12:52pm 20 Jun 2026

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matherp said It then suggested a CSUB so I coached it through how to write one, how to make it RP2040/RP2350 agnostic and how to deal with floating point numbers. I did this by getting it to slowly go through a number of simple examples, squaring an integer, then squaring a float. We then moved on to optimising the bubble universe.

I never (knowingly) used AI up to now. Teaching AI is one thing, I surely couldn't do that with CSUB.
Would one benefit from your teaching and simply say, write an CSUB for some issue If he signs to Claude today?

PhenixRising said
Love seeing such a performance boost....only problem is...no one around me gets excited

I am but I think its hard to express if you don't understand :))

matherp
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Joined: 11/12/2012
Location: United Kingdom
Posts: 11516

Posted: 01:10pm 20 Jun 2026

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Quote PicoMiteHDMI MMBasic USB RP2350A Edition V6.03.00RC12

Try RC21

twofingers

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Joined: 02/06/2014
Location: Germany
Posts: 1761

Posted: 01:23pm 20 Jun 2026

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matherp said

Quote PicoMiteHDMI MMBasic USB RP2350A Edition V6.03.00RC12

Try RC21

Will do!
I commented out the memory pack/unpack code and am getting a displayed value of approximately 26.45 (at 315MHz); I just don't know if the output was affected.

With the Tracecache enabled, a cycle takes 25.7 ms (= 38.9 at 315 MHz).
Edited 2026-06-20 23:35 by twofingers

causality ≠ correlation ≠ coincidence

PhenixRising
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Posted: 01:26pm 20 Jun 2026

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dddns said
I am but I think its hard to express if you don't understand :))

A couple of guys came by and asked what I'm doing...wire-wrapping a prototype board and of course I had to demonstrate...they couldn't get away fast enough

Probably gone to watch grown men chase a ball around a field.

PhenixRising
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Posts: 1960

Posted: 01:41pm 20 Jun 2026

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duplicate
Edited 2026-06-21 00:01 by PhenixRising

matherp
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Location: United Kingdom
Posts: 11516

Posted: 02:04pm 20 Jun 2026

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Quote I commented out the memory pack/unpack code and am getting a displayed value of approximately 26.45 (at 315MHz); I just don't know if the output was affected.

Yes, it will be. I've just looked at the code again and that error isn't possible both addresses have to be divisible by 8.

Replace the loop with this:

For a=0 To 65
For g=0 To 65
If a<18 And g<18 Then
n(g)=RGB(0,255,0)
Else
n(g)=RGB(a*3.93,g*3.93,128*(a+g<65))
EndIf
Next 'g
x%=Peek(varaddr m(0,a)):print x%,nn
Memory pack nn,x%,66,32
Next 'a

What do you get?

twofingers

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Location: Germany
Posts: 1761

Posted: 02:12pm 20 Jun 2026

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Hi Peter,
Unfortunately, I’m still getting the same error (RC12).
However, the memory pack seems unnecessary to me.

By the way, it would be helpful if you could post the C source code from time to time. Thanks!
Michael

The console shows (still RC12):

537029796 537047460
537030060 537047460
537030324 537047460
537030588 537047460
537030852 537047460
537031116 537047460
537031380 537047460
537031644 537047460
537031908 537047460
537032172 537047460
537032436 537047460
537032700 537047460
537032964 537047460
537033228 537047460
537033492 537047460
537033756 537047460
537034020 537047460
537034284 537047460
537034548 537047460
537034812 537047460
537035076 537047460
537035340 537047460
537035604 537047460
537035868 537047460
537036132 537047460
537036396 537047460
537036660 537047460
537036924 537047460
537037188 537047460
537037452 537047460
537037716 537047460
537037980 537047460
537038244 537047460
537038508 537047460
537038772 537047460
537039036 537047460
537039300 537047460
537039564 537047460
537039828 537047460
537040092 537047460
537040356 537047460
537040620 537047460
537040884 537047460
537041148 537047460
537041412 537047460
537041676 537047460
537041940 537047460
537042204 537047460
537042468 537047460
537042732 537047460
537042996 537047460
537043260 537047460
537043524 537047460
537043788 537047460
537044052 537047460
537044316 537047460
537044580 537047460
537044844 537047460
537045108 537047460
537045372 537047460
537045636 537047460
537045900 537047460
537046164 537047460
537046428 537047460
537046692 537047460
537046956 537047460

Edited 2026-06-21 00:18 by twofingers

causality ≠ correlation ≠ coincidence

matherp
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Location: United Kingdom
Posts: 11516

Posted: 02:20pm 20 Jun 2026

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Not having the pack/unpack destroys the colour rendering. What did the print output show before the crash?

matherp
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Posted: 02:28pm 20 Jun 2026

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OK, for some reason the heap isn't aligned on that version. It should be 256 aligned.

unsigned char __attribute__((aligned(256))) AllMemory[HEAP_MEMORY_SIZE + 256 + 320 * 240 * 2];

I assume you are using default 640x480 @315MHz?

twofingers

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Posted: 02:35pm 20 Jun 2026

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matherp said I assume you are using default 640x480 @315MHz?

I can confirm that.

causality ≠ correlation ≠ coincidence

matherp
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Joined: 11/12/2012
Location: United Kingdom
Posts: 11516

Posted: 02:37pm 20 Jun 2026

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Definitely something wrong with that build. variables should always by 8-byte aligned

twofingers

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Posted: 02:39pm 20 Jun 2026

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That’s not really relevant if I can fix it with an update. I just hadn't expected those differences. Thanks!

causality ≠ correlation ≠ coincidence

matherp
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Posts: 11516

Posted: 03:04pm 20 Jun 2026

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What worries me is that the linker has somehow ignored the alignment for that build
Edited 2026-06-21 01:05 by matherp

twofingers

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Posted: 03:07pm 20 Jun 2026

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At the very least, this is a point to keep an eye on in the future.

causality ≠ correlation ≠ coincidence

javavi

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Joined: 01/10/2023
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Posts: 562

Posted: 04:54pm 20 Jun 2026

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Hi Peter,
I launched Bubble Universe on CSUB steroids,

PicoMiteHDMI MMBasic RP2350A Edition V6.03.00RC21
OPTION FLASH SIZE 4194304
OPTION COLOURCODE ON
OPTION KEYBOARD US
OPTION KEYBOARD PINS GP2,GP3
OPTION RESOLUTION 640x480 @ 315000KHz
OPTION HDMI PINS 1, 3, 5, 7
OPTION SDCARD GP5, GP6, GP7, GP4
OPTION AUDIO I2S GP10,GP9', ON PWM CHANNEL 11
OPTION PSRAM PIN GP8

and here's the result for me:
MODE 1 -- 28.5mS 35fps
MODE 2 -- 27.7mS 36fps
MODE 3 -- 44.9mS 22fps

! MODE 3 worked only with the PSRAM connected

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